White+settlers+and+Africans+in+Southern+Africa

M.I: Africa was somewhat in peace until the Dutch people invaded it, then a series of wars up rose and with the interference of Great Britain they tried to clear out the natives from their land. M.I: Chiefdoms such as Zulu emerged and when they did they became powerful and crushed every one who dared get in their way and only a few emerged as survivors. It was stopped in the 1870’s by the British and it wasn’t easy conquering them either.
 * The only region in Africa that wasn’t really affected by the slave trade was the southern end where they hadn’t been occupied by the Bantu speaking people. It was the people of San by the Khoikhoi who lived by hunting and sheep-herding; after the Bantu people they were called the cattle herding people.
 * They practiced agriculture and herding, worked iron and copper into tools, weapons, and adornments, and traded with their neighbors. They spoke related languages to those spoken by and lived in hamlets with few extended families. Men working as artisans and herders and women holding down the farming and housework chores sometimes organized their labor communally.
 * Chiefdoms varied in size and chiefs held power with the support and acceptance of the relatives and people. The pattern of political organization among the Bantu-speaking people and the splitting of junior lineages to form new villages created a process of expansion that led to competition for foreign trade through the Portuguese outposts on the east African coast or because of the growth of population among the southern Bantu.
 * In 1652, the Dutch East India Company established a colony at the Cape of Good Hope and used slaves from Indonesia and Asia for a while but soon it enslaved Africans and when they started to expand they viewed Africans as intruders and it resulted in competition and warfare.
 * A series of wars between the natives and the settlers arose when Great Britain seized the Cape colony in 1795 and took it under formal British control in 1815, and the government tried to help the settlers clear out the natives.
 * When the English-speaking immigrants arrived they appreciated the better lands and when the British abolished slavery and imposed restrictions of landholding in 1834, groups of Boers staged their Great Trek and moved far to the north to be free of government interference and when they crossed into fertile pasture they didn’t realize it was caused due to the ongoing wars among the Bantu people in the region.
 * A new military organization emerged by the Nguni people and in 1818 leadership fell into the hands of the Shaka, who reformed the loose forces into regiments organized by lineage and age. Iron discipline and new tactics were introduced and the army became a permanent institution.
 * The fighting men were limited, they were allowed to marry but only after they had completed service.
 * The army began to absorb and destroy its neighbors. Shaka ruled with an iron hand and destroyed his enemies, acquiring their cattle, and crushing any opposition. His policies brought power to the people of Zulu but his cruel behavior resulted into his assassination in 1825.
 * The rise of Zulu and other Nguni chiefdoms became the beginning of the mfecane or wars of crushing and wandering. The Zulu model was adopted by a lot and this led to a lot of wars and a few emerged from the war as survivors.
 * Zulu power was crushed by Great Britain in the 1870’s and allowed the Boers to continue holding their land.