Development+Of+Civilization

Civilizations

Civilization is a system in which people are exposed to new way of living life.
 * 1.1 What is Civilzation?**

Period 6 ESPIRIT Chart - Changes associated with the development of Civilization
 * 1.2 ESPIRIT Chart Early Civilization**

Economic ●1 The Middle East came up with cuneiform which slowly spread across the world when the Sumerians came up with their own alphabet and soon the Egyptians, Indians and Chinese adopted their own writing. ●2 Trade was between Mesopotamia and the Indian and Chinese civilizations. - ●3 The Mesopotamia civilization was based on a more capitalist government while the Egyptian civilization was based on a socialist government. Social - Agricultural groups grew large enough for several people to specialize in jobs, thus leading to a separation in social classes amongst economic identification- Is this Social or Economic? -> - Social Distinctions often include Slaves, Monarchy, Nobles, and economic distinctions.. Such as in Egyptian times where pharoahs were playing the lead role in politics- Good any examples that stand out? - Due to population growth the need for childcare became urgent, thus pushing woman towards a more subordinate way of life. But prior to this, distinction between genders weren’t easily recognizable- What about PRIOR TO THIS? Political - Communities, rather than isolated farms, formed because need for manpower to create irrigation systems, take care of farms etc. - Early communities appointed a leader or ‘king’ with divine status. - Military and political structures were formed. - Example? From the time! Catal Huyuk - Government began collecting tributes and taxes from subjects. - Hammurabi establishes formal code of law. - develop this - Sumer were the first to have city-states with formalized boundaries.

Interactions ●1 Mesopotamians had trading roots within the due to the civilization based along it, thus helping its growth ●2 They did make trading contact with other middle eastern civilization and India. ●3 Most people lived in a really congested area and that attracted diseases so they started to spread. Religious ●1 Catal Huyuk people had strong religious belief. The houses there contemplated those beliefs through the images of the “mother Goddesses” ●2 Sumerians had religious rituals, cities have a patron god and erected impressive shrines to please and honors cities (Polytheism) Intellectual developments ●1 cuneiform - Explain - Sumerian alphabet ●2 advancement of mathematics Technology ●1 irrigation systems ●2 pottery -> potter wheel/basket-weaving ●3 slash and burn agriculture ●4 metal work/development of metal tools ●5 population growth - any evidence??? - why? ●6 wood crafting __//From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations//__ Neolithic Revolution A time period when agriculture was developed Bronze Age The next basic age of human existence Catal Huyuk A Neolithic village that has been elaborately studied by archeologists. Civilization Societies with enough economic surplus to form divisions of labor and a social hierarchy involving significant inequalities. Ziggurats Massive towers used for worship to the gods and other deities. City States Sumerian political structures that were ruled by a kind who claimed divine authority. Sumerians The people who invaded Mesopotamia and developed a cuneiform alphabet. Hammurabi A king of Babylonia who introduced the most famous code of law Huanghe An isolated area in China that was civilized in complete isolation and which praised the godlike kings of early civilization. Indus River Its people had trading contacts with Mesopotamia
 * 1.3 Key Terms**

Civilization: Babylonia Time Period: 18th to 6th century B.C.E It seems to be a capitalist country. ||
 * 1.4 Espirit Chart on Mesopotamian Society**
 * **E ** || They were very good at astronomer and helped revolve the world as we know it because of a man named Aplum.
 * **E ** || They were very good at astronomer and helped revolve the world as we know it because of a man named Aplum.
 * S ||  ||
 * P || The king and the noble class were the hierarchy and in change of most of the land ||
 * I || trades with foreign countries. ||
 * R || they believed in a lot of gods and worshiped them daily. [[image:file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/JOAN%7E1.HOM/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/espirit+chart+about+babylonia_files/SymbolsOfTheBabylonianGods.gif caption="external image SymbolsOfTheBabylonianGods.gif"]] ||
 * I || astronomy was there biggest science. ||
 * T || the calender helps us now and is more perfected based on Aplum's studies. [[image:file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/JOAN%7E1.HOM/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/espirit+chart+about+babylonia_files/images.jpeg]] ||

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Primary Source Analysis
 * 1.5 Apparts on Hammurabi Code**

Document: Hammurabi’s Law Code

Author – Who created this? What do we know about the author? What might influence their opinions? The author of this document is Hammurabi. A ruler of Babylonia who opinions might have been influenced on the ranks of society. Place – Where and when was it created - This document was created sometime from the 1800’s to 1750 B.C.E. in Babylonia. Prior Knowledge What do we know about where this was created? What have we learned about this topic? Society that may be relevant? We know that Babylonia was a city in Mesopotamia and lived by social structure and had no resources of its own so the people there had to trade with neighboring cities. Audience Who is the intended audience? How might they receive this? – quotes to support your claims? The audience was the citizens of Babylonia. This citizens might not have been pleased with this code especially women. “If the husband of a married lady has accused her but she is not caught lying with another man, she shall take an oath by the life of a god and return to her house” and men wouldn’t have liked this especially “If a man has accused a man and has charged him with manslaughter and then has not proved (it against) him, his accuser shall be put to death”. Reason for Creation What is the purpose of this document? Read between the lines, support claims with a quote I assume that this document was created so that there was peace in the city and the people would be governed fairly through their ranks in society and well. The Main Idea Support with quotes People in a high rank in society were treated much better than the ones in lower ranks and women were neglected in society and there only jobs were being a wife and stay at home mothers. Significance How does this relate to the big picture? What can it tell us as historians? Relate to ESPIRIT if possible We have evolved a lot since this law code was written. Women are now independent and professional. The law system has also come a long way. People in all ranks now get a fair hearing that is not judged on their rank in society.

Questions? What happened to the women when she was able to survive the ordeal of being unfaithful and the punishment?

What happened if the husband is the one doing the cheating?

Was polygamy allowed in this time period and was it a normal thing?

Was it possible that a slave could become a free man?

What happened to a man in the higher rankings of society if he helped a slave escape or accuse someone of murder but couldn’t prove it?