Classic+Mediterranean

ATHENS


 * __ Primary Source Analysis __**

__ Document: Athens __

What do we know about where this was created? What have we learned about this topic? Society that may be relevant? || Athens and Sparta fought a lot of wars because they both wanted power and it got out of control. Athens was also named after the Greek- god Athena and a temple was built there to honor her. It was a society that didn’t had magistrates as the elite and every single citizen was involved somehow in the government. || Who is the intended audience? How might they receive this? – quotes to support your claims? || The audience is the citizens of Athens. They might have received it as a way of being praised and would have felt good regardless of the people who died because they are getting acknowledged for fighting the war and risking their lives. “You, their survivors, must be determined to have as unfaltering a resolution in the field, though you may pray that it may have a happier outcome. . . . You must yourselves realize the power of Athens, and feed your eyes upon her from day to day, till the love of her fills your hearts; and then when all her greatness shall break upon you, you must reflect that it was by courage, sense of duty, and a keen feeling of honor in action that men were enabled to win all this, and that no personal failure in an enterprise could make them consent to deprive their country of their bravery except as a sacrifice of the most serious contribution they could offer.” || What is the purpose of this document? Read between the lines, support claims with a quote || The reason for this document is because during the Peloponnesian war a lot of people died trying to fight for the country and he is addressing them and thanking them for doing their best and for sacrificing their lives for the country. || Support with quotes || No matter who you are or what your background is he doesn’t care and isn’t going to discriminate because he really appreciates what everyone has done and because he is part of the government and the laws don’t exclude the poor people, he says “. There. . . we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbor for doing what he likes, or even to indulge in those injurious looks which cannot fail to be offensive, although they inflict no actual harm. But all this ease in our private relations does not make us lawless as citizens. . . . We obey the magistrates and the laws, particularly those for the protection of the injured, whether they are actually on the statute book, or belong to that code which, although unwritten, yet cannot be broken without acknowledged disgrace.” || How does this relate to the big picture? What can it tell us as historians? Relate to ESPIRIT if possible || That even though democracy back then isn’t what it is now the gist of it is still the same and that someone traveling from classical Athens would be a bit uncomfortable with the concept of it but would understand it because instead of magistrates and generals being in charge we indirectly elect the people who rule us. || Questions?
 * Author – Who created this? What do we know about the author? What might influence their opinions? || Pericles, he was a general who gave a speech praising his city while also delivering a speech commerating the soldiers who died in the war. ||
 * ** Place ** – Where and when was it created - || It was created in Athens and sometime around the fifth century BCE ||
 * ** Prior Knowledge **
 * ** Audience **
 * ** Reason for Creation **
 * ** The Main Idea **
 * ** Significance **

Where there a lot of upper class who fought in this war? Where the families who lost people in the war in any way compensated for it? How were men recruited to fight in the war? Did they just volunteer themselves or look into specific groups?

SPARTA **__Primary Source Analysis __**  __Document: Sparta __   What do we know about where this was created? What have we learned about this topic? Society that may be relevant? || Sparta wanted to expand so it became imperialistic, however, this proved to be hard for the government since they couldn’t control all the countries they had taken over so a military state was developed. || Who is the intended audience? How might they receive this? – quotes to support your claims? || The audience is the masses. He mentions both men and women and the women must have had mixed feelings about this. Since they had to do labor but others would be happy that for once they had somewhat a voice in what they did and weren’t neglected.“He made the maidens exercise their bodies in running, wrestling, casting the discus, and hurling the javelin, in order that the fruit of their wombs might have vigorous root in vigorous bodies and come to better maturity, and that they themselves might come with vigour to the fulness of their times, and struggle successfully and easily with the pangs of child-birth.... For their marriages the women were carried off by force, not when they were small and unfit for wedlock, but when they were in full bloom and wholly ripe.” Men however, would have been angry since they lived for the government and the government only. ...”The training of the Spartans lasted into the years of full maturity. No man was allowed to live as he pleased, but in their city, as in a military encampment, they always had a prescribed regimen and employment in public service, considering that they belonged entirely to their country and not to themselves.”  || What is the purpose of this document? Read between the lines, support claims with a quote || The purpose of this document is to show us how people dealt with trying to create a strong military state. Lycurgus knew that for the people to change things in government had to change as well. So he gave women a little more time before wedlock and made them much stronger than originally.  “For their marriages the women were carried off by force, not when they were small and unfit for wedlock, but when they were in full bloom and wholly ripe.” Here they wouldn’t have to wait to bear kids and husbands wouldn’t get frustrated when their young wives weren’t conceiving.  || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Support with quotes || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">There was a lot of commotion about how to vote about what to do so Lycurgus decided to take the peasant families out of Sparta and he put them in a separate country. Here he gave them a completely different lifestyle that emphasized the importance of women and the importance of men being loyal to the state and the steps taken to achieve that goal. “ <span style="color: black; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;">...A second, and a very bold political measure of Lycurgus, was his redistribution of the land. For there was a dreadful inequality in this regard, the city was heavily burdened with indigent and helpless people, and wealth was wholly concentrated in the hands of a few. In the next place, he banished the unnecessary and superfluous arts. And even without such banishment most of them would have departed with the old coinage, since there was no sale for their products. . . as soon as [the boys] were seven years old, Lycurgus ordered them all to be taken by the state and enrolled in companies, where they were put under the same discipline and nurture, and so became accustomed to share one another's sports and studies....” <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">How does this relate to the big picture? What can it tell us as historians? Relate to ESPIRIT if possible || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">This document tells us how the upper-class used the lower class to their advantage but also to how it helped the lower class people themselves. This new system gave women some freedom before marriage and if I may speculate made citizens a little bit better about life. || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Questions? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Did anyone revolt against this idea? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Did people escape from this place? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Did all the exercise help women bear child labor? <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Were the strong women then able to refuse to enter a marriage or were they forced into those as well by the government?
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Author <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> – Who created this? What do we know about the author? What might influence their opinions? || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The author of this document is Plutarch a Greek historian who was born in Corinth and a great traveler throughout the eastern Mediterranean.   ||
 * **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Place **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> – Where and when was it created -  || <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">It was written in Sparta around 1 century B.C.E   ||
 * **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Prior Knowledge **
 * **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Audience **
 * **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Reason for Creation **
 * **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The Main Idea **
 * **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Significance **